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Financial distress, downsizing, mergers, and closures have increased across the Jewish nonprofit sector over the past 10–15 years, with many observers believing the pace has accelerated since COVID and Oct. 7, says Dr. Windmueller in his new blog for the Times of Israel. While formal bankruptcies remain relatively rare, hundreds of synagogues, schools, JCCs, and community organizations have faced mergers, staff reductions, property sales, or closure. As philanthropy and participation become increasingly concentrated in larger institutions, smaller and mid-sized organizations face growing pressure, raising questions about the future diversity and strength of the communal landscape.